Types of infertility in males
Today, more than 15% of couples are diagnosed with infertility. It means that these couples are unable to conceive despite having unprotected sex for more than a year. Here, half of the cases are because of male infertility. It is one of the most common reproductive problems in men. So, what are the causes of male infertility? They include;
- Deformed sperm size and shape
- Low sperm count
- Low sperm speed
- Backward ejaculation of the sperm, which is known as retrograde ejaculation
- Undescended testicles
- Obstructions in the ducts which carry sperm
- Hormonal imbalance
- Sometimes, the body’s defense system starts attacking its own sperm
- Chromosomal abnormalities
- A few diseases or infections can also lead to infertility, such as kidney disease, testicular cancer, STDs.
- A few medicines and surgeries can also cause infertility
- Problems conducting sexual intercourse
- Exposure to radiation, industrial chemicals, and heavy metal
- Too much alcohol, drugs, and smoking
- Obesity
- Stress
- Cancer and its treatment
What are the signs and symptoms of male infertility?
These symptoms usually only come forward when you are trying for a baby. These include;
- Changes in the way the hair grows
- Change in your sexual drive
- Testicles that look small and firm and at times can be painful
- You may notice swelling or lumps in your testicles
- Difficulty maintaining or obtaining an erection
Who is at a risk of male infertility?
If you are someone who;
- smokes, drinks too much alcohol or uses harmful drugs
- Is overweight or obese
- Is exposed to harmful toxins
- Overheating or trauma to the testicles
- If you have undergone a major surgery, i.e. pelvic or abdominal surgery
- Infections in the past or present
- If you are undergoing treatment for cancer
How is it diagnosed?
Your doctor will first conduct a physical examination, go through your medical history and all the medicines you are under, understand your sexual habits, and may even ask you about your puberty. He will even check if you have had any surgeries or chronic illness previously. Additional tests include;
- Semen analysis
- Transrectal ultrasound of the prostate
- Scrotal ultrasound
- Testicular biopsy
- Anti-sperm antibodies test
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